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Usb series player is an electronic device or electronic circuit that functions as an MP3 player that is stored on a storage device such as USB flash. In this usb circuit using an IC as a modifier of digital voice data into analog so that it can be applied to a headphone, or again through the power amlplifier strengthened so that it can be heard through the speakers. IC used in this circuit using IC PCM2902 as a modifier of a digital data into analog data storage. Below is a schematic diagram of a USB player. Schematic usb player

A DC-DC converter 1.5V to 3V Circuit Diagram to reduce the voltage is easy, but the situation becomes more complicated when we have to increase the voltage. This simple scheme generates a voltage 3Vdc from 1.5 VDC, which can be a single stack. We can get good results by modifying an multivibrator using two transistors, the frequency converter is approximately 130 kHz. The inductance value can be calculated experimentally. DC / DC converter 1.5V to 3V Circuit Diagram Schottky diode VD1 can be replaced by any other similar characteristics. For further stabilization of the output voltage can be placed one Zener 3V - 3.3V. This scheme can be used to feed a power LED device, a micro-controller, Arduino, etc. .. List of Components R1, R3: 1K R2: 2K2 C1: 470pF C2: 100uF / 3.3V C3: 1000uF L1: 470UH VD1: 15MQ040 VT1, VT2: BC547

This is the 8 Watt Audio Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram. This amp can be used as a simple booster, the heart of a more complicated amplifier or used as a guitar amp. It is very small and portable unit and can be powered through 12V battery. I built the circuit on a Vero Board and had to add extra inductors, capacitors and resistors to prevent oscillation. Circuit diagram: 8 Watt Audio Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram Parts: R1 = 47K R2 = 2.2R/1W R3 = 220R/1W R4 = 2.2R/1W C1 = 100nF-63V C2 = 10uF-25V C3 = 470uF-25V C4 = 2000uF-25V C5 = 100nF-63V IC1 = LM383 SPKR = 4ohm/8W Notes: IC1 must be installed on a heat sink. C1 is for filtering and to prevent oscillation and should not be omitted. The circuit can be built on a Vero Board, universal solder board or PC board, the PC board is preferred. The circuit draws about 880Ma at 12 V. By swapping the values of R2 and R3; you can turn this amplifier into a guitar amp with no preamp required. If you can't find 2000uF, then replace C4 with ...

Simple Inverter Overload Protector Circuit Diagram . An overload condition in an inverter may  permanently  damage  the  power transistor array or burn off the transformer. Some of the domestic inverters sold in the market do not feature an overload shutdown facility, while those incorporating this feature come with a price tag.the circuit presented here is an overload detector which shuts down the inverter  in  an  overload  condition.   Inverter Overload Protector With Delayed Auto Rest Circuit Diagram   It  hasthe following desirable features: It shuts down the inverter and also provides  audio-visual  indication  of  the overload condition. after  shutdown,  it  automatically restarts  the  inverter  with  a  delay  of  6 seconds. thus, it saves the user from the inconvenience  caused  due  to  manually resetting the system or runn...

This is a Burglar Alarm With Timed Shutoff Circuit Diagram. When SI (sensor) is closed, power is applied to U2, a dual timer. After a time determined by C2, CI is energized after a predetermined time determined by the value of C5, pin 9 of U2 becomes low, switching off the transistor in the optoisolater, cutting anode current of SCR1 and de-energizing Kl. The system is now reset. Notice that (i6x C2) is less than (R7xC$). The ON time is approximately given by:(R7xC5)-(R6xC2) = Ton  Burglar Alarm With Timed Shutoff Circuit Diagram

This circuit can be used for sounding an alarm to detect the breaking of a glass window by an intruder, even when the intruder ensures there is no sound of the shattered glass. Fig. 1: Circuit of the glass break alarm Circuit and working    Fig. 1 shows the circuit diagram of the glass break alarm. It is built around a piezo element connected across connector CON2, transistor BC549 (T1), timer NE555 (IC1), a piezo buzzer (PZ1) and a few other components. A small piezo element used in the piezo buzzer is used as a sensor. It may be fixed at the centre of the window glass. IC1 is wired in monostable multivibrator mode, which is triggered by the piezo element. Output of IC1 is used to drive piezo buzzer PZ1. LED1 indicates the high-state output at pin 3 of IC1. Time delay can be adjusted by potentiometer VR1. Use an ordinary piezo buzzer at the output to generate a warning sound. This circuit works on 9V-12V DC. When an intruder tries to break the glass, the piezo element generat...

This is a very simple circuit of a bio-stimulator Muscular, which has indications for the treatment of cellulite. He sends little shocks through two electrodes, and should take great care when using the stimulator. The muscle stimulator circuit is based on a 555 timer IC. The transformer must be 220 volts to 12 100 to 150 mA and the circuit is connected in reverse. Muscular Bio-Stimulator for Treatment of Cellulite Circuit Diagram The IC 555 to generate pulses at 80 Hz and 150usec by the output voltage of the muscle stimulator device is about 60 volts to 150 volts, but the output current is very small and there is no danger of electric shock. The potentiometer P1 bio-stimulator sets the amplitude of the output pulses' and must be operated by the "patient", starting with the knob fully counterclockwise, then rotating it slowly clockwise until the LED begins to light up. The functional principles of the bio-stimulator is the same commercial bio-stimulator. Parts List: Linea...

This is the Simple Transmission Indicator Circuit Diagram. This circuit the push-to-talk button is closed the light will go on. The antenna samples the output RF from the transmitter. That signal is then rectified (detected) by germanium diode Dl, and used to charge capacitor C2. Simple Transmission Indicator Circuit Diagram The dc output is used to trigger a small silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR1), which permits the current to flow through the small pilot lamp. For lower-power applications, such as CB radio, the antenna will have to be close-coupled to the antenna.

When testing a circuit, a source of voltage that is variable and has over voltage shutdown is veiy useful. In this circuit, Rl is adjusted to 1 to 2 V below the eventual shutdown threshold. R2 sets the trip voltage. When this voltage is reached, the circuit shuts the voltage to the circuit under test down. To reset, reduce Rl below trip threshold and depress reset switch SI. Over voltage Protection Circuit Diagram

This  Emergency lighting using white LEDs Circuit Diagram should be assembled only by experienced people and it is advisable to use a protection network, which can be a light bulb in series. For anyone who is thinking of making a system of emergency lighting and simple, this circuit is a cheap and functional output. The circuit is basically composed of a source AC / DC without a transformer, a charger, a system of automatic switching using a diode and a diode switch to change the brightness.  Emergency lighting using white LEDs Circuit Diagram List of Components R1 = 1M, ¼ Watt, 5% R2 = 10K, ¼ Watt, 5% R3 = 10 Ohms 1Watt All resistors are LED = 22 Ohms, ¼ Watt C1 = 205/400V, PPC C2 = 100uF, 25V Z1 = 9 V, 1 WATT T1 = BD 140 All diodes = 1N4007 BATTERY = 6 volts 4 AH LEDS = WHITE, HIGH EFFICIENCY, 5mm

One Condition Trimming Circuit Diagram . This relatively simple, inexpensive circuit requiring one trimming operation can multiply or divide with a consistent accuracy of greater than 1 part in 1,000. An inexpensive CMOS version of standard 555 timer chip T, in conjunction with low-drift LMll error amplifier A3, an inexpensive analog chopper switch SW, form a unique voltage-to-duty-cycle converter to produce the difficult transfer function necessary for accurate conversion. Read : Use 555 Build Spaceship Alarm  One Condition Trimming Circuit Diagram An unknown multiplicand voltage applied to the A3 error op amp circuit`s Y input controls the duty cycle of the timer through its pin 5 modulation input. The network between the sink-and-source output of the timer, pin 3, and the state trigger inputs, pins 2 and 6, cause the timer to oscillate. An error feedback signal from the timer`s discharge output, pin 7, represents the duty cycle. Integrating this duty-cycle signal with voltage re...

Now Build a Digital Stopwatch 0-60sec By using the same circuit of the Digital Stopwatch 0-99sec , we can add an AND gate, and transform the 0 – 99sec stopwatch to a 0 – 60sec stopwatch.We must find a way to control the RESET function of the BCD counter, which is responsible for the counting of the seconds. As we studied above, the circuit resets when we have 99 to 100, that is 1001 1001 à 0001 0000 0000. To make a transformation successfully we must force the pulse from 59 to 60 0011 1001 à 0100 0000 on the output of the BCD counter. Digital Stopwatch 0-60 sec Circuit Diagram  By placing the AND gate, with its inputs on the Q1 and Q2 of the BCD counter of the decades, we make sure that when the gate closes, the RST input of the BCD counter will be set to logical “1”, which on its turn, will force the circuit to start over. The transformed circuit appears in picture 2.

Think of the many objects around you in the real world The majority of these objects will have attributes and behavoirs A class diagram consists of a number of these class representation connected by lines which show the relationship between the classes

Here is a simple non-contact AC power monitor for home appliances and laboratory equipment that should remain continuously switched-on. A fuse failure or power breakdown in the equipment going unnoticed may cause irreparable loss. The monitor sounds an alarm on detecting power failure to the equipment. The circuit is built around CMOS IC CD4011 utilising only a few components. NAND gates N1 and N2 of the IC are wired as an oscillator that drives a piezobuzzer directly. Resistors R2 and R3 and capacitor C2 are the oscillator components. The amplifier comprising transistors T1 and T2 disables the oscillator when mains power is available. In the standby mode, the base of T1 picks up 50Hz mains hum during the positive half cycles of AC and T1 conducts. Circuit diagram:     Non-Contact Power Monitor circuit diagram    This provides base current to T2 and it also conducts, pulling the collector to ground potential. As the collectors of T1 and T2 are connected to pin 2...

This simple circuit is sure to have the police beating a path to your door- however, it has the added advantage of alerting you to their presence even before their footsteps fall on the doormat. Simple Radio Wave Alarm Circuit Diagram : Notes : The circuit transmits on Medium Wave (this is the small problem with the police). IC1a, together with a sensor (try a 20cm x 20cm sheet of tin foil) oscillates at just over 1MHz. This is modulated by an audio frequency (a continuous beep) produced by IC1b. When a hand or a foot approaches the sensor, the frequency of the transmitter (IC1a) drops appreciably. Suppose now that the circuit transmits at 1MHz. Suppose also that your radio is tuned to a frequency just below this. The 1MHz transmission will therefore not be heard by the radio. But bring a hand or a foot near to the sensor, and the transmitter's frequency will drop, and a beep will be heard from the radio. Attach the antenna to a multiplug adapter that is plugged into the mains, a...

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This IC chip was designed specifically for use in power boosting applications in automobiles. It is self protecting against short circuits and thermal problems. In the bridge configuration shown it will deliver 20 watts of power into a 2 ohm speaker operating at 14.4 volts. 20 Watt Power Amplifier Circuit Diagram

If you want to check the behaviour of an electronic circuit at low voltages, an adjustable power supply as shown here may be helpful. Powered from a 3 to 16 volts source (DC for sure), it will provide a stable output voltage in the 0 to 1.5 V range. Adjustable Low-voltage Power Supply Circuit Diagram Multiturn trimpot P1 allows the output volt-age to be adjusted with good precision. The BC337-400 output transistor raises the out-put current to about 200 mA bearing in mind that the minimum supply voltage is 3.5 V. The transistor’s dissipation should be taken into account, and a more power ful t ype used if necessary. T1 may be omitted and R2 replaced with a wire link if you are happy with 3 mA at 3 volts out, 10 mA at 6 V or 20-30 mA at 10-16 V. These values represent the maximum output current of the TLC271 op amp. Without T1, the minimum supply voltage is 3.0 V. Author:Vladimir Mitrovic - Copyright: Elektor

This siren circuit simulates police, fire or other emergency sirens that produce an up and down wail. Simple Emergency Siren Simulator Circuit Diagram The heart of the circuit is the two transistor flasher with frequency modulation applied to the base of the first transistor. When the pushbutton is depressed, the frequency of oscillation climbs to a peak and when the button is released, the frequency descends due to the rising and falling voltage on the 22 uF capacitor. The rate of change is determined by the capacitor value and the 100k resistor from the pushbutton.  The oscillation eventually stops if the button is not depressed and the current consumption drops to a tiny level so no power switch is needed. The 0.1 uF determines the pitch of the siren: A 0.047uF will give a higher pitch siren and a 0.001 uF will give an ultrasonic (at least for me, anyway) siren from 15 to 30 kHz which might have an interesting effect on the neighborhood dogs! The 33k resistor from the collector ...

This is a spectacular but completely useless project. It lights Ultra-Bright LEDs in a sequence and each LED flashes brightly very briefly. The LEDs light-up going around and around since they are mounted in a circle (on a CD), then they pause before chasing again. The very brief flash of each LED (15ms) and the pauses (1 second) reduce the average current so the battery should last a long time.   For user convenience, this project has a stepper speed control and a brightness control. At slower speeds and/or reduced brightness, the battery’s life is extended considerably. At full brightness, the LEDs flash extremely brightly. More than one of this project grouped together occasionally synchronize, lighting the whole room for a moment. Operation At maximum speed, the LEDs don’t appear to flash, instead they appear to move from one lighted one to the next, around and around. They rotate completely for 4 rotations in two seconds, and then turn off for a one second pause then rep...