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This is very very simple circuit audio amplifier  based on IC7057T  , you just use 3 components you can make this circuit . And the minimum voltage is 1 Volts , with just 1 Volt  you can operate this amplifier. Maximum voltage 6,5 volts . Maximum Power output 35mW with 32 ohms impedance. See circuit below : Very simple stereo amplifier

The battery discharger published in this website may be improved by adding a Schottky diode (D3). This ensures that a NiCd cell is discharged not to 0.6–0.7 V, but to just under 1 V as recommended by the manufacturers. An additional effect is then that light-emitting diode D2 flashes when the battery connected to the terminals is flat. The circuit in the diagram is based on an astable multivibrator operating at a frequency of about 25 kHz. When transistor T2 conducts, a current flows through inductor L1, whereupon energy is stored in the resulting electromagnetic field. When T2 is cut off, the field collapses, whereupon a counter-emf is produced at a level that exceeds the forward voltage (about 1.6 V) of D2. A current then flows through the diode so that this lights. Diode D1 prevents the current flowing through R4 and C2. This process is halted only when the battery voltage no longer provides a sufficient base potential for the transistors. In the original circuit, this happened at abou...

If you are in the market for a surround sound system I'm sure you are trying to learn as much as possible about options before you reach the buying stage. One thing to keep in mind is that there are many options and most of them will come down to a matter of taste when all is said and done. There is no right or wrong component or process when it comes to buying a surround sound system only what does and doesn't work for you and the space you have available. You will find throughout the process that there are many parts, pieces, and components that you may purchase for your surround sound system and even more prices for those individual items. Ultimately the decision comes down to how much of a sound snob you are. Seriously. I must admit that my personal preference is for the most possible sound saturation and the most realistic possible sound as possible. For this reason I am more interested in buying the components as individuals rather than a simple AV receiver. This does no...

Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) An LDR is an   input transducer   (sensor) which converts brightness (light) to resistance. It is made from cadmium sulphide (CdS) and the resistance decreases as the brightness of light falling on the LDR increases. A multimeter can be used to find the resistance in darkness and bright light, these are the typical results for a standard LDR: Darkness : maximum resistance, about 1M . Very bright light : minimum resistance, about 100 . For many years the standard LDR has been the ORP12, now the NORPS12, which is about 13mm diameter. Miniature LDRs are also available and their diameter is about 5mm. An LDR may be connected either way round and no special precautions are required when soldering.  Thermistor Photograph © Rapid Electronics circuit symbol A thermistor is an   input transducer   (sensor) which converts temperature (heat) to resistance. Almost all thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) whi...