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Making your own universal remote control systems today is very easy. Such procure the relevant chips, assemble them and here goes, your hi-tech remote control device is working for you. Here we explain a couple RF 433kHz remote control chips especially designed for the purpose. The IC TWS-434 along with its encoder chip HOLTEK’s HT-12E form a high class transmitter circuit, whereas the chip RWS-434 through its complementing decoder IC HT-12D operates as the receiver module. Both of the above modules are able to exchange 4-bits of discrete data for control four external loads separately. With the easy availability of accurate remote control chips, making your own universal remote control modules is today just a matter of few hours. We discuss a couple of compact RF remote control transmitter and receiver modules here using the chips: HT-12E, HT-12D, TWS-434, RWS-434 Making a hi-end professional remote control system at home is a child’s play now. With the advent of micro remote cont...

We can build a divider circuit using only a single chip component, a special purpose integrated circuit AD532. We can configure the AD532 as a two quadrant divider by connecting the multiplier cell in the feedback loop of the op amp and using the Z terminal as a signal input, as shown in the following figure. Gaining Upr note, the output error is given approximately by 10 Vεm/ (X1-X2), where εm is the total error specification for the multiply mode and bandwidth by fm x (X1-X2)/10 V, where fm is the bandwidth of the multiplier.  The X input is restricted to negative values to avoid positive feedback. Thus, connect the input to X and the offset null to X2 for single ended negative inputs. For single ended positive inputs (0V to +10V), connect the input to X2 and the offset null to X1. Gain (S.F) and offset (X0) adjustment are recommended as shown and explained in the following table for optimum performance. The useful range in denominator input is approximately 500 mV ≤ (X1-X2) ≤ 10...