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I got myself some UV-curable solder mask for my PCB workshop, and as soon as i got it, i discovered that my UV artwork transfer box is totally incapable to activate the UV paint and cure it. I began searching the net for powerful UV lamps, and then it hit me: Some months ago i uploaded a theory regarding the Cold and Hot cathode discharge lamps. During my research for these lamps i found out that they can provide directly visible light (lamps without internal coating), or they produce UV radiation. The lamps that produce UV radiation have an extra coating on their internal surface which glows when excited by the UV rays, thus producing light! [ ]

 One of the more advanced ADC technologies is the so-called delta-sigma, or ΔΣ (using the proper Greek letter notation). In mathematics and physics, the capital Greek letter delta (Δ) represents difference or change , while the capital letter sigma (Σ) represents summation : the adding of multiple terms together. Sometimes this converter is referred to by the same Greek letters in reverse order: sigma-delta, or ΣΔ. In a ΔΣ converter, the analog input voltage signal is connected to the input of an integrator, producing a voltage rate-of-change, or slope, at the output corresponding to input magnitude. This ramping voltage is then compared against ground potential (0 volts) by a comparator. The comparator acts as a sort of 1-bit ADC, producing 1 bit of output (“high” or “low”) depending on whether the integrator output is positive or negative. The comparator’s output is then latched through a D-type flip-flop clocked at a high frequency, and fed back to another input channel on the in

This is a Simple Bell Circuit with Two 555 Timers Project . This simple Bell circuit uses two 555 timers. The frequency is controlled by the capacitors that must be preserved almost identical in value to each other for best results. Fine tuning is done with R1 and R2. The decay time is controlled by R3.  Simple Bell Circuit Diagram

TDA1009 circuit amplifier , this circuit is stereo amplifier and simple schematic .Minimum voltage require 9V and maximum voltage 24V. To avoid damaged IC please use supply voltage 12 volt and must be filtering voltage. Power output 2 X 18 W with impedance 4 Ohm.See circuit schematic and troubleshooting amplifier : Click to view larger  If circuit not working ,possible cause is on : Supply voltage. Components damaged , such as IC , resistor ,and Capacitor. Installation components inverted. Broken line PCB. Input not connected. Or input grounding. Output Not connected. Speakers damaged.

12V DC to 220V 100W Inverter Circuit Diagram This is 100W inverter circuit. It uses 4047 IC and IRF540 Mosfet instead of 2N3055 transistor. Power output is 100W from 2-3A transformer.

Stereo Power Amplifier is 2x70Watt STA550 chip audio power with BASH concept that can be connected with digital perangkkat. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is an amplifier with BTL system with symmetrical power supply with ground. Power amplifier STA550 uses power output transistor which is on the chip and is set to produce a high efficiency audio power. Power output on the STA550 is using the system without copling ac bridge (direct) and zero offset. Strengthening of the STA550 from stereo power amplifier is +12 dB. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is equipped with temperature sensors for protection from overheating and current-limiting protection system for power amplifier. 2x70Watt STA550 Stereo Power Amplifier is equipped with standby and mute controls to regulate silent or active mode power amplifier. Feature Stereo Power Amplifier 2x70Watt STA550 : Monochip Bridge Stereo Amplifier dengan Bash® Architecture 55+55w Output Power @ Rl = 4/8 W, Thd = 0.5% 70+70w Output Po

Laser torch-based burglar alarms normally work in darkness only. But this long-range photoelectric alarm can work reliably in daytime also to warn you against intruders in your big compounds, etc. The alarm comprises laser transmitter and receiver units, which are to be mounted on the opposite pillars of the entry gate. Whenever anyone enters to interrupt the transmitted laser beam falling on the receiver, the buzzer in the receiver circuit sounds an alarm. The range of this burglar alarm is around 30 metres, which means you can place the transmitter and the receiver up to 30 metres apart. Since the laser torch can transmit light up to a distance of 500 metres, this range can be increased by orienting the phototransistor sensor properly. To avoid false triggering by sunlight, mount the phototransistor sensor such that it doesn’t directly face sunlight. Long-range Burglar Alarm Using Laser Torch Fig. 1: Circuit of laser torch based transmitter The transmitter circuit is powered by 3V DC

Know Your Types of box type subwoofer Performance subwoofer to produce low bass sound and also solid course supported by a subwoofer enclosure or box. Subwoofer box in the car usually has a different size, it is adjusted to the recommendations of the technical data from these subwoofers. However, each audio installer, have different styles in a box design. If all this time, we only know when the box was just the type that's all, it did not. Box consists of various types and models. Design, size (dimensions) and a subwoofer box models are usually clearly taken into account at the time of manufacture, even carefully designed too often acted the Installer. Clearly, each type of box has a value of strengths and weaknesses, all models of boxes, if applied correctly, clearly gives a very maximum performance subwoofer. Following this, the types of subwoofer box that is often applied in car audio: If you want us to categorize the type of subwoofer box can be divided according to several or

Smart ToyCar: MikroC Code For Reciver: //PIC16F877A //12MHz float reading=0 , act_reading=0, volt=0; void Get_Volt(void) {                  adcon1=0b0000;                  delay_ms(50);                  reading=Adc_Read(0);                  act_reading=(reading*5)/1024;                  volt=act_reading*2.25;       //volt_in } void Tone() //horn    {       Sound_Play(500, 10);    } void Tone_back()    {       Sound_Play(2000, 300);       delay_ms(200);    } void main() {     TRISA = 0xFF;     porta = 0x00;     TRISC = 0x00;        // PORT B as output port     portc = 0x00;         // Set RB0 to high     TRISD = 0xDF;     portd = 0x00;     TRISB = 0x00;     portb = 0x00;     Sound_Init(&PORTC, 7);  //sound Initialization   while(1)    {        if(portd.f4=1)        {                 PORTC.F0=0;                 PORTC.F1=0;                 PORTC.F2=0;                 PORTC.F3=0;                 PORTC.F5 = 0;                 PORTC.F6 = 0;                 //Charge                 Get_Vo

Conventionally, wireless-controlled  robots use RF circuits,  which have the drawbacks of  limited working range, limited frequency  range and limited control. Use  of a mobile phone for robotic control  can overcome these limitations. It  provides the advantages of robust  control, working range as large as the  coverage area of the service provider, no interference with other controllers and up to twelve controls. Although the appearance and  capabilities of robots vary vastly,  all robots share the features of a mechanical,  movable structure under  some form of control. The control of  robot involves three distinct phases:  perception, processing and action.  Generally, the preceptors are sensors  mounted on the robot, processing is  done by the on-board microcontroller  or processor, and the task (action)  is performed using  motors or with some  other actuators. Project  overview: In this project, the  robot is controlled  by a mobile phone  that makes a call to  the mobile phone

This simple circuit aims to provide an indication of an appliance if it is ON or OFF with the use of green and red LEDs. BC337 – a small signal NPN Silicon AF medium power transistor used for general purpose switching and amplifying applications with features such as TO-18 manufactured package, suited for AF driver stages and low power output stages, and divided into three group types. Single Pole Single Throw (SPST) – a single on-off switch where the two terminals are either connected together of not connected to anything The indication produced by the LEDs could mean that the red LED will illustrate that the equipment is turned ON while the green LED will illuminate upon turning OFF the same appliance. It could also be the other way around since green normally signifies that there is life on an equipment. This is applicable with any appliance that is powered and operated by AC mains which can be 230 V or 115 Vac. A suitable switch SW1 made of single pole single throw type will be cap

Here’s a digital frequency comparator for oscillators that indicates the result through a 7-segment display and a light-emitting diode (LED). When the frequency count of an oscillator is below ‘8,’ the corresponding LED remains turned off. As soon as the count reaches ‘8,’ the LED turns on and the 7-segment display shows ‘8.’ This demo circuit uses two NE555 timers configured as astable free-running oscillators, whose frequencies are to be compared. The circuit of the digital frequency comparator portion comprises two 74LS90 decade counter ICs (IC2 and IC6), two 74LS47 7-segment display driver ICs (IC3 and IC7), 74LS74 set/reset flip-flop (IC4), 74LS00 NAND gate (IC8) and two 7-segment displays (DIS1 and DIS2). The astable free-running oscillators built around the timers are the frequency sources for the corresponding counters. Digital Frequency Comparator Circuit Diagram When power supply to the circuit is switched on, timing capacitor C1 starts charging through resistor R1 and potmet

Using this schematic is created a network voltage indicator electronic circuit. If the input voltage is gift across the network, the optocoupler transistor is open, T1 is blocked and controlled rectifier, Th1, is in a very state of conduction. Since each terminals of the piezoelectric buzzer is at identical potential, buzzer is off. If voltage disappears, the transistor T1 enters the conduction and therefore makes the terminal of buzzer to be placed on the bottom (maintains thyristor conduction state). during this state of affairs, there's a sufficiently giant potential distinction across the buzzer and D5's to see that these 2 components to point AC power loss, each audible and visual. By pressing the reset button current is interrupted by Th1, therefore thyristor enter in blocking state and therefore the different terminal of the buzzer is connected to ground. http://streampowers.blogspot.com/2012/07/sp-network-voltage-indicator.html 

Kit that can change the normal 12v dc voltage from a car battery, battery bike 12V motor. With the current 7A. so this circuit is very suitable for power car amplifiers and sound systems that use simple 12V battery. Kit converter is also equipped with inputs "SEND" to activate the circuit and also send this interchangeable inputs is connected to the Tape / cd / dvd player of your car. And input "send" is if the non-connected with an output of "send" player car you then connect it to +12 hrs on v from the battery / batteries The series is already in the test kit and has been functioning normally.

A simple motorcycle battery over discharge protector circuit is explained in the following post. The circuit will prevent the battery from over discharging by the motorcycle headlamp whenever the mo-bike alternator is not enabled or is idling in the neutral mode in which case the battery is normally subjected to excess loads via the headlamp bulb. Motorcycle batteries are normally a lot smaller with their sizes and ratings compared to the vehicle and the usage. The main use of the battery present in mo-bikes is for enabling electronic start through a press of the given start button. However this small sized battery also has to undergo further stresses while operating excess loads such as the horn, the indicator lights, the tail light and the brake light. Even though the above loads mostly tend to depend on the motorcycles battery power, these do not affect the battery charge level significantly. The one that truly affects the battery is the motorcycle headlamp, which when switched O

Most often a motor is controlled from two locations as shown in figure below. The stations are station 1 and station 2. The motor M can be started and stopped from the push buttons located in the circuits of the  “Two Station Motor Control”  is shown in figures below. (A) Control circuit of the two Station Motor Control (B) Power circuit of the Two Station Motor Control Control Operation The start and stop operation of the  “Two Station Motor Control”  is the same as the start and stop operation of the  “Across The Line Magnetic   Starter”  except the two stop and two start push button are used in the two station motor. The two stop push button are connected in series while the two start push button are connected in parallel. Pressing any one of the two start push button will complete the current flow L1, O.L. (95-96), stop push button station 1. Stop push button station 2, contacts (3-4) of either any one of the start push buttons at station 1 or 2, contactor C to line L2. This will e

In any recording situation, monitoring is critical to make sure you're getting what you want on tape. This is just as true in field recording, but in most cases, one's monitoring options are severely limited--stereo headphone is the only choice. Headphone Monitoring Switch  : Since I often use dual-mono mics, hearing a stereo feed of the two is not always convenient. I wanted the option to hear JUST the left mic in BOTH ears, or just the right mic in both ears, as well as a normal stereo signal. This is simple enough to do with a big rotary switch. When completed, you can create a little box that your headphones plug into, which in turn is plugged into the stereo phone output of your deck. Then, by turning the knob on the switch box, you can hear normal stereo, left-only mono, right-only mono, left+right mono and even left-right reversed stereo (or normal stereo again). Note the use of summing resistors in the left+right mono section. This was an attempt to prevent the tw

Circuit Description: Transmitter This circuit consists of Transmitter and Receiver section. The circuit can be used to control home appliances within a range of 30 meters. In open area, you can expect a range of 100 meters. The circuit comprises HT12 Encoder and Decode IC's. HT12 Encoder is used in the transmitter (remote) circuit where as HT12E is used in receiver circuit. The Encode IC encodes the 4 bits of data and transmit it serially to to RF Transmitter module. These 433Mhz transmitter and receiver modules operate using ASK Modulation. Receiver: For complete information regarding ASK Modulation, click here The converse operation happens in the receiver section. The serial information is given to the decode section and the ICHT12D decodes the 4 bit data and gives across the data pins. The devices are then connected using the ULN2003 high voltage high current buffer. These are some of the images of my own remote. You can design something like this. I had modified it and soldere

Function LEDs emit light when an electric current passes through them. Connecting and soldering LEDs must be connected the correct way round, the diagram may be labelled   a   or   +   for anode and   k   or   -   for cathode (yes, it really is k, not c, for cathode!). The cathode is the short lead and there may be a slight flat on the body of round LEDs. If you can see inside the LED the cathode is the larger electrode (but this is not an official identification method). LEDs can be damaged by heat when soldering, but the risk is small unless you are very slow. No special precautions are needed for soldering most LEDs.  Testing an LED Never connect an LED directly to a battery or power supply!   It will be destroyed almost instantly because too much current will pass through and burn it out. LEDs must have a resistor in series to limit the current to a safe value, for quick testing purposes a 1k  resistor is suitable for most LEDs if your supply voltage is 12V or less. Remember to con