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SMPS TopoMagic
When I started learning about and designing SMPS circuits in 2008, I read from various books and online resources – application notes, reference manuals, design notes, design tips, circuit designs and various tutorials. I understood most of the concepts. But the mathematics was complex and there were so many formulae and calculations. They were not all present in any single book or document. Making all the necessary calculations using the different formulae available in all the different documents was difficult, tiring and cumbersome. While I was learning SMPS and started getting a hold of the basics, I was learning Visual Basic at school. During the mid-year school break, I learnt from various tutorials online and practiced during the school vacation to develop my Visual Basic skills. After I learnt most of the basics, I decided to put my skills to the test. It would be good practice and I could make a useful program in the process. I started coding using the information present in va...
How to build Analog Milliamp Meter Used as Voltmeter
A milli Amp analog meter often used along with audio system can be easily converted into a decent volt meter, all that is needed is an understanding of the requirement and the meter. In case a 10V full scale meter is to be designed, then a 10K resistance is to be put in series with the meter coil so that for an applied voltage of 10V a meter can receive 1milliAmp only. The meter itself has an internal resistance and if that is measured properly then in actual practice the resistor to be connected in series shall be having a value of 1000 ohms – IR (internal resistance of the meter). When we measure smaller voltage then this internal resistance of the meter plays a significant role, say for this particular case the internal resistance is 86 ohms, hence, for a I.V. full scale meter the value of the external resistance would be (1000-86) 914 ohms. The milli amp meter can also be used as an Amp meter of higher currents by adding shunt resistances. This is being achieved by simple net...
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